Introduction: Walking Into an Ancient Story

Arriving on Santa Cruz Island feels like entering a narrative that began long before humans ever set foot on its volcanic slopes. The island rises in broad, gentle sweeps from the coast toward its misted highlands, creating a mosaic of ecological zones—arid lowlands, scrub-filled transition belts, and cool uplands.
Across these shifting elevations, giant tortoises follow a seasonal migration that has shaped the island for thousands of years. Their pathways, pressed into the soil by countless generations, trace one of the most enduring wildlife movements in the Galápagos.

This guide explores how and why tortoises migrate, what they seek at each elevation, and how Montemar supports the integrity of these ancient routes.

1. The Island as a Gradient: How Elevation Shapes Tortoise Movement

Santa Cruz’s rising landscape creates distinct ecological zones that guide tortoises with remarkable precision.

The lowlands: where the migration begins

The lowlands are the first to respond to the annual rains. Vegetation pushes through the volcanic soil, and temperatures remain warm and steady. Around March, at the height of the rainy season, tortoises begin their gradual descent.

Their pace is unhurried yet purposeful—a response to moisture, food quality, and temperature gradients. Over the course of their migration, many travel up to 10 kilometers, a significant journey for animals built for endurance rather than speed.

Why tortoises move downslope

• Early vegetation growth
• Stable temperatures
• Ideal feeding conditions
• Optimal reproductive environments

As the lowlands turn lush, they become the center of tortoise activity.

2. Life in the Lowlands: Feeding, Nesting, and the First Years

The lowlands offer more than food—they provide the ideal environment for reproduction.

Females and nesting sites

Females remain in the lowlands well into the dry season. The firm soils and open terrain create optimal nesting conditions. Using their powerful hind legs, they excavate shallow chambers, deposit their eggs, and cover them carefully.

Hatchlings and early survival

The warmth of the sun and substrate fuels the long incubation period. When hatchlings emerge—small, cautious, and resilient—they stay in the lowlands for more than a decade.
Abundant vegetation and consistent temperatures provide the highest chance of survival during their vulnerable early years.

3. The Return to the Highlands: Santa Cruz’s Ecological Heart

As the dry season deepens, adult tortoises slowly begin their return upslope.

Most spend the majority of the year between 150 and 400 meters, in humid highlands that remain green even in the driest months. Here, garúa, the island’s signature mist, sustains lush vegetation.

Why the highlands matter

• Reliable forage
• Natural shade
• Moisture from mist
• Mud wallows for temperature regulation

Although a few tortoises may wander higher, the mid-altitude bands serve as the primary ecological home for the population.

4. Montemar and the Migration Corridors: Restoring an Ancient Pathway

Montemar sits at approximately 275 meters, directly aligned with long-standing tortoise corridors. However, this continuity didn’t always exist.

Before restoration began, introduced blackberry and elephant grass grew into nearly impenetrable walls, blocking routes tortoises had followed for generations.

How Montemar restored the landscape

• Removal of invasive blackberry thickets
• Control of elephant grass
• Reopening historical pathways
• Encouraging the return of native grasses and vines
• Ecological monitoring to track tortoise movement

As the land healed, a natural mud pond—long buried beneath invasive vegetation—resurfaced. Tortoises immediately reclaimed it as a place to bathe, cool, and rest.

A seamless transition with the wild

Today, the boundary between Montemar and the surrounding highlands feels natural.
You might see:

• A solitary giant grazing beneath scattered shrubs
• A slow procession crossing the meadow after a passing shower
• A broad-shelled traveler settling into the restored wallow

Montemar’s stewardship ensures these ancient movements continue without interruption.

6. Walking Beside Giants: A Different Sense of Time

Observing a tortoise in motion changes your perception of pace.
A tortoise pauses, breathes deeply, then continues along a path older than memory—sometimes upward toward mist-softened highlands, other times down toward the warm plains.

Along these slopes—across Montemar’s restored terrain, past cool meadows, and into the bright volcanic lowlands—Santa Cruz reveals its quiet ecological rhythm.

It is a living story, renewed each year through the deliberate, unhurried footsteps of its most ancient travelers.